Honoring Native American Contributions in the American Revolution

The Complex Alliances: Tribes and the Revolution

When Americans think of the Revolutionary War, images of the Continental Army, colonial militias, or figures like George Washington often come to mind. Yet, the story of America's founding is incomplete without acknowledging the vital roles played by Native American tribes. As the Semiquincentennial—America's 250th anniversary—nears in 2026, it's important to reflect on the integral, and sometimes overlooked, impact Native Americans had on our nation's founding.

During the 1770s, the landscape of North America was a tapestry of tribal nations, each with their own interests, rivalries, and histories. While some tribes sided with the British, others aligned with the American colonists, each making nuanced decisions based on their alliances, geography, and hopes for the future.

Key Figures: Native Leaders and Diplomats

One of the most distinguished Native American figures of the Revolution was Joseph Brant (Thayendanegea), a Mohawk military leader and diplomat. Born in 1743 in what is now Ohio, Brant was educated in both Native and British traditions, enabling him to serve as a bridge between cultures. During the war, Brant led Mohawk and Loyalist forces in several battles in New York and Pennsylvania, believing British victory would be the best defense against colonial encroachment on indigenous lands.

Similarly, the Oneida Nation sided with the American revolutionaries, breaking from the majority of the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy who supported the British. The Oneida provided substantial support to the Continental Army, from supplying food at Valley Forge in the harsh winter of 1777-1778 to serving as scouts and warriors in key battles. Han Yerry, an Oneida war chief, and Polly Cooper, an Oneida woman, are remembered for their courage and generosity during this period.

The Revolution's Impact on Native Nations

For Native American communities, the Revolution was not just a fight between redcoats and colonists—it was a pivotal moment that would shape their futures. The war divided tribes, disrupted traditional territories, and ended centuries-old alliances. While figures like Brant and the Oneida exemplified the diversity of Native choices, the results of the war were often devastating for indigenous nations. Despite their loyalty and assistance, most Native tribes found their lands diminished and promises broken after the Treaty of Paris in 1783.

Yet, the legacy of Native Americans in the Revolution endures. Their stories remind us that the founding of the United States was more complex than a simple tale of colonists versus empire. The contributions of Native leaders, warriors, and diplomats enriched—and complicated—the path to freedom.

• Joseph Brant (Mohawk): Loyalist military leader and statesman.
• Oneida Nation: Supported the Continental Army, provided critical supplies and intelligence.
• Han Yerry: Oneida war chief, led warriors at Oriskany, 1777.
• Polly Cooper: Oneida woman who helped feed and care for soldiers at Valley Forge.

Celebrating the 250th: Honoring All Founders

As we approach the 250th anniversary of American independence, let's remember the many voices and hands that shaped our nation—including the Native American communities who made difficult choices and contributed to our founding. Pumpbear invites you to reflect on the diverse threads in our national story and to celebrate the spirit of unity, resilience, and freedom that defines the American experiment. Wear your pride and honor all who helped build this country as we mark the Semiquincentennial together.